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''The American Israelite'' is a Jewish weekly newspaper published in Cincinnati, Ohio. Founded in 1854 as ''The Israelite'' and assuming its present name in 1874, it is the longest-running English-language Jewish newspaper still published in the United States. The paper's founder, Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, and publisher, Edward Bloch and his Bloch Publishing Company, were both very influential figures in American Jewish life. During the 19th century, ''The American Israelite'' became the leading organ for Reform Judaism in America. During the early 20th century, it helped geographically dispersed American Jews, especially in the West and the South of the country, keep in touch with Jewish affairs and their religious identity. == Founding and early history == The first Jewish newspaper published in Cincinnati was the English-language ''The Israelite'', established on July 15, 1854.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=American Israelite: Current Issue )〕 It was also among the first Jewish publications in the nation. It was founded by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, who became known as the father of Reform Judaism in the United States.〔 Its initial issues were published by Charles F. Schmidt.〔 The paper lost $600 in its first year, and although Wise repaid the publisher out of his own funds, Schmidt terminated the relationship.〔 Edward Bloch and his Bloch Publishing Company began to publish the paper with the issue of July 27, 1855. Bloch, who was Wise's brother-in-law, subsequently became known as the dean of American Jewish publishers. From the start, the newspaper's motto was יהי אור "Let There Be Light," and still is.〔 Its two goals were to propagate the principles of Reform Judaism and to keep American Jews, who often lived in small towns singly or in communities of two or three families, in touch with Jewish affairs and their religious identity. The publication, along with ''Die Deborah'', a German-language supplement that Wise started the following year, soon attracted a large circulation and was influential in helping the nascent Reform Judaism movement spread throughout North America. Both Wise and the paper had a reach beyond Cincinnati, and especially to the growing Jewish communities in the American Midwest and South.〔 In 1858, for instance, the members of Congregation B'nai Israel in Memphis, Tennessee advertised for their first rabbi in ''The Israelite'', at the same time they advertised for a kosher butcher. Despite its spread, the early years of ''The Israelite'' were a financial struggle. Most subscribers did not pay their bills, the Panic of 1857 adversely affected it, and the paper lost half its subscribers in the South during the Civil War.〔 Bloch travelled east several times in the late 1850s in order to solicit subscriptions and advertising.〔 Wise's admitted sloppiness in monetary matters did not help either.〔 Nevertheless, the newspaper and Bloch stayed out of bankruptcy and relocated to larger offices twice during this period.〔 Wise, a prolific writer, published in the editorial columns of ''The Israelite'' numerous studies on various subjects of Jewish interest. Besides being the leading organ for American Reform Judaism, it also forcefully defended the civil and religious rights of all Jews.〔 Wise tirelessly expounded his call to the "ministers and other Israelites" of the United States, urging them to form a union which might put an end to the prevalent religious anarchy.〔 In 1873, twenty-five years after he had first broached the idea, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations was organized at Cincinnati. Another campaign he presented in the columns of ''The Israelite'' was the desire for an educational institution, and this eventually led to success in 1875 when the Hebrew Union College opened its doors for the reception of students.〔 Wise also wrote a number of novels, which appeared first as serials in the ''Israelite''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The American Israelite」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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